How can I implement trauma-informed teaching practices?
In this section, we will explore ways practices that are considered helpful for creating trauma-informed learning spaces.
Land-Based Learning & Trauma
In the video on the left, Dr. Jeffrey Schiffer explains the role of land-based learning in a trauma-informed teaching practice. Another key insight from the video is his emphasis that trauma-informed teaching practices benefit all students, not only those who have experienced trauma.
In the video on the right, Shauna Shapiro introduces the benefits of meditation for mental well-being. Mindfulness is another practice that can support individuals who have experienced trauma, while also benefitting many other students.
When adding mindfulness activities to the classroom, the following considerations will be helpful.
Root activities that you select in your own practice.
Explain the purpose and benefits of the activity you introduce to the class.
Allow choice about participation; while many students will find the activities welcome, provide choice and allow students to opt-out of practices that may not be right for them at present.
Content Warnings
When addressing course content related to potentially traumatic experiences, we recognize the potential that students may be re-traumatized, or experience secondary traumatization. One potential strategy is to include trigger warnings or content warnings where content may be disturbing for students. This practice, however, also raises some debate, particularly regarding whether these practices allow students to avoid challenging content that may be beneficial to their learning.
Perspectives & Principles on Content Warnings
- Content Warnings: Best Practices
- Demanding Kinder Classrooms Doesn’t Make You a Snowflake
- Updating the Trigger Warning in Contentious Times
In summary, while there has been significant debate about content warnings, a general consensus is that the practice is generally helpful for students, particularly for students who are at higher risk of experiencing trauma.
Understanding Resilience
Resilience is often popularly understood as our ability to “bounce back” from challenge circumstances. Often, it is portrayed as an internal, personal characteristic. To understand resilience, and the limits of popular conceptions more fully, it is important to understand that resilience is connected to community support and resources.
According to Dr. Michael Ungar, resilience is “our capacity, individually or in groups, to navigate our way to the psychological, the social, the cultural, and the physical resources that we need for well-being”. To lead to resilience, resources need to be available to us in ways appropriate to our culture and context.
Dr. Michael Ungar: What is Resilience. (2017, September 24). [Keynote Speakers Canada]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=15D1QuNLH0c
Adèle Barclay, in the essay “Resilience is a Scam”, highlights the flaws in the popular concept of resilience as an individual strength, and emphasizes the role of social support in creating safety for individuals to honestly navigate trauma in the context of healthy community.
Barclay, A. (n.d.). Resilience is a Scam. League of Canadian Poets. https://poets.ca/resilienceisascam-adele-barclay/
Using Trauma-Informed Language
When we develop written materials for our students, we can take the opportunity to consider how these materials can support a trauma-informed learning environment. Consider the following suggestions, adapted from White-Domain (2014).
- Avoid language that objectifies or dehumanizes others.
- Avoid judgemental language. For example, you might choose to say that a student “did not complete an assignment on time”, rather than that they “neglected to complete work on time”. Non-judgemental language recognizes the reality that other circumstances beyond the individual’s control may have impacted the situation.
- When possible, avoid using “command” statements when suggesting that an individual do something with their body or person. For example, rather than saying “close your eyes and breathe deeply”, shift your language to “if it is comfortable for you, you are invited to close your eyes and breathe deeply”.
- Use inclusive language that allows others to see themselves in your writing. For example:
- In most cases, use person-first language, such as “person with depression”, rather than “depressed person”. Note that this is not universal, and that it is best to follow a person’s own preference.
- Use gender-inclusive language.
- Avoid using language that generalizes about individuals or communities. For example, rather than writing “individuals with social anxiety dislike public speaking”, shift to “some individuals with social anxiety may dislike public speaking”.
- Avoid language that blames people for difficult experiences they have faced.
- When making suggestions, offer them in a spirit of humility, acknowledging each person’s ability to determine what is best for them.
White-Domain, R. (2014). How you write is as important as what you say: A guide to trauma-informed writing. National Center on Domestic Violence, Trauma, and Mental Health. http://www.nationalcenterdvtraumamh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/NCDVTMH-TI-Writing-Guide-FINAL-Aug27.pd
Practicing Trauma-Informed Ways of Being
In the video below, you will listen to Jacob Ham’s personal perspective on the personal practices that support trauma-informed interactions with others.
As you have reviewed the resources on this site, you may have a new understanding of trauma, and may have discovered strategies you wish to apply. You are invited to pause and reflect with the questions to the right.
References:
Center for Preparedness and Response. (2020). Six guiding principles to a trauma-informed approach. https://www.cdc.gov/cpr/infographics/00_docs/TRAINING_EMERGENCY_RESPONDERS_FINAL.pdf
Imad, M. (2020, June 3). Leveraging the neuroscience of now. Inside Higher Education. https://www.insidehighered.com/advice/2020/06/03/seven-recommendations-helping-students-thrive-times-trauma
Middelton-Moz, J., Mishna, F., Martell, R., Williams, C., & Zuberi, S. (2021). Indigenous trauma and resilience: Pathways to ‘bridging the river’ in social work education. Social Work Education, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2021.1998427