Understanding secondary traumatic stress and self-care for trauma-informed educators
Secondary Traumatic Stress
As educators, our work in a helping profession may expose us to secondary traumatic stress (STS)/ vicarious traumatization (VT). TEND (2022) defines STS/VT as indirect trauma that occurs when we are exposed to the suffering of others, whether by hearing or seeing distressing images or stories. STS/VT can begin to impact our mental health, work, and overall life functioning. TEND (2017) offers a list of potential physical, behavioural, and emotional warning signs that indicate a need to take action and seek support.
Physical Symptoms may include:
- Exhaustion
- Insomnia
- Headaches
- Gastrointestinal symptoms
- Becoming increasingly susceptible to illness
Behavioural symptoms may include:
- Anger/irritability
- Avoiding work-related or personal social gatherings
- Increased use of alcohol or binge eating
- Increased consumption of media for relaxation
- Interpersonal problems
Emotional/Psychological symptoms may include:
- Emotional exhaustion
- Insomnia/ difficulty sleeping
- Depression and/or anxiety
- Negative self image or guilt
- Cynicism/ anger about work
- Reduced career satisfaction
- Difficulty maintaining boundaries between personal and professional activities
Awareness of these symptoms, and our own personal warning signs, helps us to know when we need to make changes in the way we are working, take steps to reduce our secondary traumatic exposure, or seek mental health support.
Self-Care Strategies
When intentionally taking on a trauma-informed practice, it is important to seek health and sustainability through self-care. While self-care is often portrayed in popular culture as similar to self-indulgence, thoughtful self-care is better thought of as a set of ongoing practice that contribute to building and preserving our own strength so that we can continue to contribute to change in an imperfect world. As Audre Lorde (1988, p. 37 as cited in Ferreira, 2017) stated, “caring for myself is not self-indulgence, it is self-preservation, and that is an act of political warfare”.
Self-care practices for educators are both individual and community-oriented. Individual practices are both restorative and growth-oriented. In addition to including regular restorative activities, individual self-care also includes the ability to differentiate ourselves from our students’ situations, avoiding the impulse to rescue others or force change (Sandage et al., 2014).
Self-care is also a community-oriented practice. Supportive peer networks and a community of practice sustains our ability to respond with compassion and kindness to our students as whole people (Toporek et al., 2006). Being connected to like-minded colleagues with similar values is a key practice for sustainable work.
In the video below, you will hear several counsellors discuss their strategies for self-care. While their strategies come from the context of the counselling profession, much of their advice can be applicable to educators.
Click here for The Educator Resilience and Trauma-Informed Self-Care Self-Assessment and Planning Tool. It provides a structured checklist to guide you when reviewing your self-care plan.
References:
Ferreira, F. de S. (2017). Critical sustainability studies: A holistic and visionary conception of socio-ecological conscientization. Journal of Sustainability Education, 13. http://www.susted.com/wordpress/content/critical-sustainability-studies-a-holistic-and-visionary-conception-of-socio-ecological-conscientization_2017_04/
Sandage, S. J., Crabtree, S., & Schweer, M. (2014). Differentiation of self and social justice commitment mediated by hope. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00131.x
TEND. (2017, November 3). Warning signs of secondary trauma and compassion fatigue. https://www.tendacademy.ca/warning-signs-of-vicarious-traumasecondary-traumatic-stress-and-compassion-fatigue/
TEND. (2022). Defining vicarious trauma and secondary traumatic stress. https://www.tendacademy.ca/resources-2/defining-vicarious-trauma-and-secondary-traumatic-stress/
Toporek, R. L., Gerstein, L. H., Fouad, N. A., Roysircar, G., & Israel, T. (2006). Future Directions for Counseling Psychology: Enhancing Leadership, Vision, and Action in Social Justice. In Handbook for Social Justice in Counseling Psychology: Leadership, Vision, and Action (pp. 533–552). SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412976220.n35